Rapu

Non Human Primate Post Cranial Series Tena koa Whakapā mai ma -ranei- ki te tono, ki te tono whakatau tata ranei. PR013 Chimp Hand and Wrist Disarticulated: $159.00 Articulated: $209.00 These hand bones are all individually cast for the best detail, including the individual carpal bones. Both disarticulated and articulated versions are available. They are articulated with brass wire (default if not specified) or in elastic cord for better access to articulating surfaces and all aspects of each bone. PR014 Chimpanzee Foot and Ankle Disarticulated: $159.00 Articulated: $209.00 These foot bones are all individually cast for the best detail, including the tarsal bones. Can be articulated in brass wire (default if not specified) or in elastic cord for better access to articulating surfaces and all aspects of each bone. PR213 Gorilla Hand and Wrist Disarticulated: $169.00 Articulated: $219.00 These hand and wrist bones are all individually cast for the best detail, including the individual carpal bones. They are articulated with brass wire (default if not specified) or in elastic cord for better access to articulating surfaces and all aspects of each bone. PR214 Gorilla Foot and Ankle Disarticulated: $169.00 Articulated: $219.00 These foot and ankle bones are all individually cast for the best detail, including the individual tarsal bones. They are articulated with brass wire (default if not specified) or in elastic cord for better access to articulating surfaces and all aspects of each bone. PR002 Orangutan Hand and Wrist Disarticulated: $179.00 Articulated: $239.00 These hand and wrist bones are all individually cast for the best detail, including the individual carpal bones. They are articulated with brass wire (default if not specified) or in elastic cord for better access to articulating surfaces and all aspects of each bone. PR304 Orangutan Foot and Ankle Disarticulated: $169.00 Articulated: $219.00 These foot and ankle bones are all individually cast for the best detail, including the individual tarsal bones. They are articulated with brass wire (default if not specified) or in elastic cord for better access to articulating surfaces and all aspects of each bone. PR009 Chimpanzee Pelvic Girdle Disarticulated: $199.00 Articulated: $219.00 This pelvic girdle is from “Ham” the first chimpanzee in space. “Ham” is from the National Museum of Health and Medicine. Both articulated and disarticulated options are available. PR209A Gorilla Pelvic Girdle Disarticulated: $246.00 Articulated: $299.00 This pelvic girdle is in excellent shape. Both articulated and disarticulated options are available. PR003A Orangutan Pelvic Girdle Disarticulated: $269.00 Articulated: $299.00 This pelvic girdle is in excellent shape. Both articulated and disarticulated options are available.

Kaupapahere Tūmataiti

WHAKAPAKI MAI He patai, he korero, he awangawanga ranei waea mai ki a maatau! Nga korero Whakapā Kaipupuri: Shane H Walker, MA Wāhi noho: France Casting 1713 Willox Court Ste A Fort Collins, Colorado 80524 ​ Waea: 970.221.4044 Waeatuhi: 970.482.4766 Īmēra: info@francecasts.com ​ Nga haora: Mane-Paraire: 9:00am-5:00pm Rāhoroi-Ra: Katia He pai ake i te Bone Museum Quality Skeletal Replicas Tukua mai he KARERE! Angitu! Kua tae mai te karere. Kei te pirangi au ki te whiwhi panui mo nga mea hou. Tukuna!

Cranial Series CS001 Southwest Skull $359.00 Includes cranium and mandible, illustrates scalping marks on the frontal and both parietal bones, probable perimortem depressed fracture on the occipital and left parietal, and cradleboard changes. This individual was C14 dated at 770 years BP. Teeth show moderate wear. Price includes two digital images of these cutmarks taken by scanning electron microscope and transferred from 35mm slides. The original of this was reburied. CS003 Cranial Modification: Wrapping $359.00 Cranium and mandible, this individual illustrates “wrapping” cranial modification, and possesses most teeth (missing most incisors); teeth show little wear. CS007 Infant Cranium and Mandible $139.00 Good detail of newborn skull (Please note: This cast is also included in the SA008 Occipital Age Determination System casts set) CS011 European American Male Skull $359.00 Cranium and mandible, this is a documented 40 year old from Hungary, with strongly everted mandible. He possesses all teeth except 10, 16, 17, 32. From Maxwell Museum and OMI, Albuquerque, NM. Some postcranial materials also available. CS012 Mexican American Male Skull $359.00 Cranium and mandible, this is a documented 15 year old with clearly shoveled incisors. He possesses all teeth except 1 (erupting), 3, 16, 17, and 32. From Maxwell Museum and OMI, Albuquerque, NM. CS014 Mexican American Male with Cut Calvarium $399.00 Cranium and mandible of documented 17 y.o., this cast shows the inside of the cranium. Manner of death was two gunshot wounds, and cranium shows classic entrance and exit wounds. Part of the sella turcica is missing, aiding in tracking the path of one bullet. From Maxwell Museum and OMI, Albuquerque, NM. CS015 Approximately 5 Year Old Child, Cribra Orbitalia $299.00 Cranium and mandible in excellent condition, moderate cribra orbitalia in each orbit. CS018 European American Male with Antemortem Photos $359.00 Finished $239.00 Unfinished Documented 55 y.o. with series of four antemortem photographs, front and lateral views. The photographs were taken when this individual was of average and slightly overaverage weights. Teeth present include numbers 2(broken), 3-8, 11, 19-21, 24-26, 28, & 32; absent antemortem include 1, 14-16, 17, 18, 30 & 31; absent postmortem include 9, 10, 12, 13, 22, 23, 27, & 29. Finished with final color, dental fillings, etc. CS023 Australian Male Skull $359.00 All teeth are present with moderate wear on this individual. The supraorbital torus is very large, and the cranium is relatively robust. The right zygomatic arch is slightly reconstructed, but otherwise the skull is in excellent condition. From A.W. Ward Museum of Dentistry, Univ. of the Pacific School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA. CS024 Occult Teeth cranium $319.00 This cranium exhibits normal dentition, with the notable exception of the medial incisors: the left has erupted approximately at the nasal spine, and is growing anteriorally, and the right is in relatively correct position, but is rotated 180 degrees. In addition, an extra pegged tooth is erupting just inferior to the left incisor, and there is evidence of a cleft palate. Otherwise the cranium is in excellent condition. Original from San Jose State University. CS025 Trephined Cranium from Peru $359.00 This cranium exhibits two square trephination holes with reactive bone but no rounded edges. Teeth numbers 2, 3, 14-16 present with moderate wear, tooth #12 is broken. From the Smithsonian Institution, cranium only. CS026 Extreme Modification Cranium $359.00 This cranium exhibits extreme occipital and frontal flattening, and is from Nisqually, Washington. Teeth numbers 2, 4, 14, 15, and 30-32 are present with moderate to heavy wear. Cranium only, from the Smithsonian Institution. CS027 Cranial Modification Flattening $359.00 This cranium exhibits occipital and some frontal cranial modification. Teeth #2-6, 12, 14, 15 are present and show moderate wear, otherwise the cranium is in excellent condition. From the Smithsonian Institution. CS028 Extreme Cranial Modification $359.00 This cranium exhibits more extreme "wrapping" modification than #CS003, but the cranium is not as good. Teeth #2, 4, 5, 11, 12, 13, are present with significant wear. CS029 Tuberculosis Cranium in Individual from Alaska $359.00 This cranium exhibits significant tuberculosis lesions (about 9) around the cranial vault. This cranium is in excellent condition, but only teeth # 3-5 and 13-15 are present with moderate wear. Cranium only. CS030 Syphilis Cranium in Individual From Alaska $359.00 There are significant syphilis lesions on the frontal and both parietal bones. This cranium is in excellent condition, though teeth # 3-5, 7, 8, 10, and 12-14 are present with moderate wear. Cranium only (check out PA003 for a cranial section with syphilis – it’s in the “Human Pathology and Anomaly” section). CS032 Cancerous Lesion Cranium From Egypt $359.00 Approximately the left half of the maxilla from what has been called a cancerous “mouse tumor” by various researchers. Teeth # 2, 6-8 are present, but otherwise the cranium is in excellent condition. CS033 Scurvy Cranium $359.00 This cranium comes from a documented case of scurvy and shows significant lesions on the temporal/sphenoidal regions, as well as in the upper eye orbits, palate and various other regions of the cranium. The left zygomatic arch is missing and the only teeth represented are M1 from both the right and left sides. The cranium also shows exposure damage to the parietals and upper occipital region, but remains a beautiful specimen. CS034 Healed projectile wound skull $399.00 This is a healed projectile wound skull. CS035 Blunt Force Trauma Skull $399.00 This is a skull with blunt force trauma. CS036 Northern Chinese Female Skull $359.00 This individual was in her mid to late teens, with her third molars unerrupted. Dentition is complete and in excellent condition. All other aspects of the cranium and mandible are also complete and in excellent condition. CS108 African American Male Skull $359.00 This cast has teeth #1 (abscessed), 2, 4 – 12, 13 missing postmortem, 15 – 16, 18, 19 – 29, 31. First molars are missing antemortem, #13, 17, 32 missing postmortem. The cranium and mandible are in excellent condition. CS109 European American Female Skull $359.00 This cast has teeth # 1 (unerupted and impacted), 2 – 15, 18 -24, 25 missing postmortem, 26 – 31. The cranium and mandible are in excellent condition. CS119 African American Female Skull $359.00 This cranium and mandible cast are in excellent condition with all teeth present and with little wear. CS120 Tinian Male Skull $359.00 This individual is from the island of Tinian, and shows four occipital tubercles and a massive healed fracture of the right malar region. He is missing all teeth except 2, 6, 11, 14, 15, 21, 22, and 27. This is a striking cranium! Tena koa Whakapā mai ma -ranei- ki te tono, ki te tono whakatau tata ranei.

Shane Walker MO TATOU Mena kua mahi pakihi koe me France Casting mai i te tau 2004, kua mahi tahi koe me te kore korero ki ahau, te rangatira, a Shane Walker. He paetahi ahau no te Whare Wananga o Colorado i Boulder, me te Tohu Paerua i te Biological Anthropology. Ko aku hiahia ko te whakapiki ake i taku ako me te Tohu Tohu Paetahi mo te Tohu Whakatairanga, engari na te nui o te harikoa mo nga mahi whakawai i taua wa, he iti noa iho aua mahere. I te huarahi i tutaki ahau ki a Takuta Diane France me te whai waahi ki te mahi tahi me ia mo tetahi keehi, ka mutu ka mahi ahau ma ia i roto i tenei umanga ka mutu taku tohu me te titiro ki nga kaupapa PhD puta noa i te US. I te timatanga o taku "whakahekeheke", ka patai a Diane mo aku hiahia ki te tango i tana pakihi. He whakatau uaua tena na te mea ko te tuku i etahi o aku moemoea hei utu mo etahi atu kaore au i whakaaro. Whai muri i nga whakaaro nui me nga korerorero me taku haurua pai ake, ka mohio ahau he maha nga painga o tenei pakihi, a ki taku whakapono he pai te pai mo au mo etahi take. Tuatahi, e rua o aku tino aroha: nga mea osteological katoa, me te mahi toi me te mahi toi ki te hanga i tetahi mahi toi, ae, ko nga mea e mahia ana e matou he mahi toi. Tuarua, ko te tikanga ko te noho ki Colorado, he waahi kua aroha ahau. Tuatoru, i tutuki tetahi o aku whainga i te ao katoa kia kaua e noho hei tetahi atu 'ahakoa' [whakakiia he taitara mahi e tika ana i konei], engari i whai waahi ahau i nga wa katoa ka rapu ahau ki te mahi rereke; ki te hiranga i tetahi mea kaore e mahia e te miriona etahi atu. Koira taku i kite i France Casting. Ko tetahi atu take nui mo te kawe i tenei wero ki te whakahaere i taku ake pakihi, na te mea ka taea e au te mahi tahi me koutou nga tangata whakamiharo katoa, ki te taunekeneke ki a koutou ia ra, ki te kite i a koutou kanohi ki te kanohi, me te whakarato tonu ki a koutou. me nga mea pai rawa atu e waatea ana kia kore ai e mamae a tatou mahi hei kaiputaiao, hei kaiwhakaako, hei kairangahau, kia kore e mutu. E u ana ahau ki te hiranga ka mahia e au nga mea katoa ka taea e au kia kite koe i roto i ia peera ka hokona mai e koe i ahau, ahakoa te nui, te iti ranei. Kei te tumanako ahau ki nga tau maha e mahi pakihi ki a koutou katoa, me te mihi ki a koutou mo te whai waahi. Ko Shane TE TOE O TE TAMA I te tau 2012, i uru atu a Molly Nettleingham ki te roopu whai muri i tana whakaotinga i tana tohu Paetahi mai i te Kaareti o Fort Lewis i roto i te Anthropology. He tino mohio ia mo tenei mahi, a, na tana ahua tino mohio he kaitono pai ia mo te whakaputa i te kounga o nga whiu e hiahiatia ana e tatou i konei. No reira, kua noho ia hei kaiwhakahaere whakangao, kei te tino hiranga ia i nga huarahi katoa. Ko tana aro ki nga korero kei te whakaatuhia tonu ehara i te mea anake i roto i a maatau mahi, engari i roto i tana whakahaere me tana ma, ka mihi ahau ki a ia me ana mahi katoa mo te pakihi. Tēnā koe, Molly! Takuta Diane France (emeritus) i whakatu tenei kamupene i nga tau maha ki muri. Ahakoa kaore ia i te mahi mana i France Casting a kua neke atu ki etahi atu kaupapa whakamiharo, he tino waahanga tonu ia mo o taatau mahi i konei, me te mea e tika ana kia whai waahi honore hei mema mo to taatau roopu. Ehara i te mea i kitea e ia tenei kamupene me te whai ingoa pumau mo tera, engari kei te mahi tonu ia hei kaikirimana mo o tatou hiahia whakakikorua, ina koa ko nga mea tino uaua ka taea e etahi atu tangata o te ao te hanga pai. He maha nga tau o ona mohiotanga me ona wheako ki te hanga me te whakarewa i nga taonga mai i nga wa katoa o te ao, he tino taonga nui hei mahi ma tatou. He tino pai ia mo nga take, he awangawanga, he whakaaro ranei kei a tatou mo te whakarereke me te whakapai ake i te pakihi. He tautoko tonu ia i roto i nga huarahi maha me te maioha nui atu i tana i mohio ai. Ko ana koha me ana pukenga kei te manaaki tonu i te ao na roto i ana tikanga tuku, ana pukapuka, ona tohungatanga mo te whakawakanga, ana whakaahua me tana tino aroha me tana whakaaro nui ki te tangata, mena kua tutaki koe ki a ia kua mohio koe ki taku korero. He koha ia na te wahine, a he waimarie ahau ki te mohio me te mahi tata ki a ia. Ko ia ano te kaiwhakarato o nga kaimatai kore-tangata i runga i ta maatau paetukutuku, na te kamupene, France Custom Casting. The Rest of the Team

Kaahu Pakeke Quick View T-hate tae me te tuhi Price $20.00 Add to Cart Quick View Ko te T-hate Hoahoa Tauhira Taketake Price $20.00 Add to Cart Quick View T-hate Tae me te Tuhituhi 'Relaxed Fit' Price $25.00 Add to Cart Quick View T-hate Tae Tae me te Tuhituhi Price $25.00 Add to Cart Tirama i roto i te pouri! Quick View Ko nga Topa Tank Tapahia Slim Price $25.00 Add to Cart Tirama i roto i te pouri! Quick View Gorilla Pakeke me Orangutan T-Shirt Price $20.00 Add to Cart Quick View "Whakawhirinaki ahau..." T-hāte Price $20.00 Add to Cart Quick View Hoodies Pakeke me te Tuhi Tauhira Price $35.00 Add to Cart Quick View Tirama i roto i te Pouri Pouri Koowiwiu Roohu Price $20.00 Add to Cart Ko nga kakahu o nga tamariki Ētahi atu Koha

Pathology Tangata me nga Kokohikohi Tena koa Whakapā mai ma -ranei- ki te tono, ki te tono whakatau tata ranei. PA001 Amputated Humerus $119.00 Well-healed amputated humerus documented 40 weeks from amputation to death, from National Museum of Health and Medicine. PA003 Parietal Bones with Tertiary Syphilis $139.00 This cast is a good alternative to our syphilis cranium (CS030) if you are working with a smaller budget. Excellent detail (see photo). PA004 Amputated Proximal Tibia and Fibula $199.00 Documented 14 months from amputation to death; exhibits tremendous infection. From National Museum of Health and Medicine. PA005 Amputated Femoral Shaft $119.00 Documented six weeks from amputation to re-amputation, exhibits sequestration and callus. From National Museum of Health and Medicine. PA006 Cranial Sections w/ Gunshot Wounds $499.00 for the entire set. $79.00 per individual element. These are from documented individuals from the Civil War, and have known intervals from injury to death of 5 days, 9 days, 20 days, 32 days, 37 days, 51 days, and 10 years. Price includes history of treatment, where known, from the post surgeons. From National Museum of Health and Medicine. PA007 Fetal Cranium- Cyclopia $149.00 This infant had one orbit for both eyes. Cast includes cranium and mandible in excellent condition. From Nation Museum of Health and Medicine. PA008 Fetal Cranium- Anencephaly $149.00 Cranium and mandible in excellent condition, from National Museum of Health and Medicine. PA009 Microcephalic Cranium $279.00 Small cranium with completely united sagittal suture (scaphocephaly?). No teeth present, but otherwise cranium is in excellent condition. Lower picture places this cranium next to our CS012 Mexican American male cranium for a visual comparison. PA010 Sequestrum $119.00 A sequestrum is a detached or dead piece of bone within an abscess or wound. This sequestrum was removed from the leg of an individual who was shot 6 months earlier during the Civil War. It measures about 6 inches in length. From National Museum of Health and Medicine. PA011 Calvarium with Trephination $169.00 This Civil War soldier was shot on September 17, 1862. The doctors performed a trephination on October 11, 1862, and he died the same day. This cast shows the infection on the interior of the calvarium, and shows the smooth edges of the trephination. From the National Museum of Health and Medicine. PA012 Femur with Shot Fracture and Infection $219.00 This individual was injured in a street brawl in which his left femur was severely fractured. The leg became severely infected. The individual died just under 2 months from the date of injury from exhaustion. The bone is in two pieces and shows extensive effects of infection. PA013 Septic Arthritis of the Knee $219.00 This bone shows extensive septic arthritis resulting in a fused femur and tibia. Excellent details from the original are captured in this cast. PA014 Tuberculosis in the Proximal Femur and Os Coxae $219.00 This cast shows extensive damage caused by tuberculosis in the hip joint. PA015 Tuberculosis in the Lower Vertebral Column $289.00 This cast shows extensive damage caused by tuberculosis to the lower vertebral column including vertebrae T11-L4 PA016 Brucellosis in the Lower Vertebrae $279.00 This cast shows the damage caused to various vertebrae as a result of brucellosis. Only the most severe vertebral cases were cast including 2 lumbar and 3 thoracic vertebrae. PA017 Septic Arthritis of the Left Hand $109.00 This cast shows extensive damage caused by septic arthritis, including complete fusion and massive remodeling of the carpal region and proximal metacarpal bones. PA018 Segmentation Error in the Lumbar/Sacral Region $199.00 This cast displays a segmentation error involving at least two lumbar vertebrae and the upper sacrum. Beautiful detail was able to be captured from this original. PA019 Excised Humeral Fragments from Civil War Gun Shot Wound $199.00 This individual was wounded during the Civil War by a conoidal musket ball that shattered the neck and upper portion of the left humerus. The humeral head and accompanying fragment were then removed after which the individual made a remarkable recovery. Detailed documentation of the medical history of this individual will accompany each cast copy which includes a incredible photo displaying his healed injury. PA020 Humerus with Civil War Gun Shot Wound $229.00 This right humerus displays the results of a gun shot wound received during the Civil War. The diaphyseal portion of the humerus was fractured and fragmented. The bone shows no evidence of healing. No other information is available at this time. PA021 Cranium with Civil War Gun Shot Wound $359.00 This cranium derives from the Civil War era. It shows classic entry and exit wounds as well as radiating fractures caused by a gun shot wound. No remodeling of the injured bone has taken place indicating that this was a perimortem injury. The nasal bones are absent and the dentition is incomplete but includes the following: right side-M3, M2, M1, PM2, PM1 and fragmented C; left side- M2(with caries), M1, PM1, C (ectopic eruption) & LI fractured; all other teeth are absent. PA900 Modern 91 Year Old European American Female $1,159.00 This set includes the five elements listed directly below under item numbers PA901-PA905. They include a trephined cranium with mandible, and arthritic elements including the shoulder girdle, lumbar vetrebra, left first foot phalanges, and a medically repaired fracture of the right femur, all from a documented modern 91 year old European American female. This is a great set useful for many applications. PA901 Osteoarthritis, Shoulder Girdle $259.00 Osteoarthritis in the shoulder girdle from a 91 year old female. Set includes clavicle, scapula, and humerus. Individual bones are available as well. PA902 Osteoarthritis, Lumbar Vertebra $249.00 Osteoarthritis in lumbar vertebra from a 91 year old female. Set includes four consecutive lumbar vertebra showing extensive osteoarthritis. PA903 Medically Repaired Healed in Osteoarthritic Femur $259.00 This femur is from the 91 year old female set above. It was fractured, medically repaired, and shows the process of healing in an osteoarthritic femur. PA904 Osteoarthritis, Human Foot Phalanges $99.00 Left first digit proximal, middle, and distal phalanges of a 91 year old European American female with osteoarthritis.

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Ko te tikanga US: Me timata ahau i runga i nga paerewa i whakatauhia e au te hoahoa. Ko te poari Mara me te Lab I whakawhanakehia nga pereti mutunga i muri i te hoahoatanga tuatahi e te Whare Wananga o Tennessee ka mahia e tetahi kaitoi o te rohe mai i te rakau tata ki te 15 tau ki muri ranei. Ko te kohao o taku papa me nga papa tuatahi mai i Tennessee he rite tonu te rahi me te tuku mo te haere o ko nga ngongo o waenga me te taha taha o waenga i te taha o te papa o te pito. Ko te Ko te paerewa mo te roa tibial i whakamahia e au ki te hoahoa i te papa ko: "69. Tibia: Roa: tawhiti mai i te mata toi runga o te condyle taha ki te pito o te malleolus waenga. Taputapu: osteometric poari. He korero: tuu te tibia ki runga i te papa, kia okioki ki muri mata me te tuaka roa e whakarara ana ki te taputapu. Whakanohoia te ngutu o te malleolus waenga i runga i te papa pito poutū ka pehia te movable tika ki te mata toi tata o te condyle taha (ahua 55)."; Ko nga paerewa mo te kohi raraunga mai i nga toenga kōiwi tangata, Nga Mahi o te Huihuinga ki Te Whare Taonga o Nga Taonga Whenua Na Janathan Haas, Jane E. Buikstra me Douglas H. Ubelaker nga Etita. Arkansas Rangahau Rangahau Archeological Survey Nama 44, 1994. Mai i tenei ka whakamarama ahau ka taea e te tangata te ine i te roa o te tibial me te kore he kohao haere i te taha o nga ngongo intercondylar ma te whakamahi i te tapa o te rererangi neke ki te kimi i te mata toi tata o te condyle taha. Ko ahau i korerohia i mua, ko te taapiri o te poka i mahia i runga i te whakaaro o taku Ko nga kaihoko tuatahi o tenei taputapu kia taea e tetahi te whakahaere i te tibia ki te tuunga me te iti o nga raruraru. Tohenga ki te tikanga e whakaatuhia ana i Brothwell '81: ...a Brothwell (1981) e kii ana ka mahia te ine "...mai i nga condyles tata e rua ki te pito o te malleolus waenga", (Brothwell, 1981: 86), Ka whakatakotohia e ia tana punanga mo nga tauira teitei mai Trotter me Gleser, 1952 me 1958. E kii ana a Trotter raua ko Gleser Ka mahia te inenga o te tibia ma te whakanoho i te "...Whakamutunga o te malleolus ki te pakitara poutū o te papa osteometric, he wheua e tau ana ki tona tuara mata me tona tuaka roa whakarara ki te tuaka roa o te papa, poraka whakamahia ki te wahi tino nui o te haurua taha o te condyle taha taha." (Trotter and Gleser, 1952: 473). Te ahua nei i pohehe te whakahau a Brothwell kia tangohia te inenga nga condyles e rua i te wa i whakawhanakehia ai nga tauira me te whakawhirinaki ki te ine i tangohia mai i te condyle lateral anake. I pohehe pea a Brothwell i tango i tetahi paerewa mai i mua i te tuhinga 1952 e korero ana mo nga mahi i mahia e Rollet i te tau 1888 e kii ana "... nga roa nui rawa atu me nga roa o te hiku; me te te tawhiti mai i nga condyles e rua o te mahunga (me te hiranga intercondyloid i te whakatuwheratanga o te papa) ki te pito o te malleolus waenga o te ka mau te tibia.” (Trotter and Gleser, 1952: 464). Heoi, ko te mahi na Karekau a Rollet i whakauruhia ki roto i nga tauira ka hoatu hei tauira anake. Ko nga inenga o te tibia e kiia ana e Brothwell kaore e taea ka whakamahia ki nga tauira i hangaia e Trotter me Gleser. Te tirotiro i nga Ko Trotter me Gleser (1958) karekau he whakarereketanga o nga tikanga ine anake whakatikatika o te tauira.

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